What is Sjögren’s Syndrome?

Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking its own moisture-producing glands. This chronic condition primarily affects the salivary and tear glands, leading to dry mouth and dry eyes, but it can also impact other parts of the body, including joints, skin, and internal organs.

Symptoms of Sjögren’s Syndrome

• Dry Eyes: A gritty or burning sensation, redness, and sensitivity to light.
• Dry Mouth: Difficulty swallowing, speaking, or tasting; increased dental issues.
• Swollen Salivary Glands: Particularly in the jaw and behind the ears.
• Joint Pain and Stiffness: Commonly affects the hands, knees, and ankles.
• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness not relieved by rest.
• Skin Dryness: Itching, rashes, and cracking skin.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of Sjögren’s syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. It is more common in women, particularly those over 40, and often occurs alongside other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Diagnosis

Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Our clinic offers comprehensive diagnostic services, including:

• Blood Tests: To detect specific antibodies associated with Sjögren’s syndrome.
• Schirmer’s Test: Measures tear production.
• Salivary Gland Function Tests: Evaluates the flow of saliva.
• Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or sialography to examine the salivary glands.
• Biopsy: Minor salivary gland biopsy to confirm diagnosis.